By Amina Ismail, Ulf Laessing and Mahmoud Mourad
CAIRO, April 7 (Reuters) - Squatting with other day
labourers under a bridge in Cairo, 48-year-old Yasser Nagi says
he has waited in vain for two weeks for work on a construction
site so he can feed his family.
Egypt, like other countries, has been hit hard by the spread
of the coronavirus, which has wiped out its vital tourism
industry and prompted authorities to close airports,
restaurants, firms and shops and to impose a night curfew.
President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi has approved a 100 billion
pound ($6 billion) plan to stem the economic fallout. Measures
include the payment of salaries for staff sent home by their
employers as well as a payment of 500 pounds a month for three
months for workers in the informal sector who are not registered
on social insurance rolls.
Nearly 2 out of three jobs in Egypt are in the informal
sector, according to a study published in 2018 by the
International Labour Organisation (ILO), and trying to deploy
emergency cash to people who are not on the system is a big
challenge, according to analysts.
More than a dozen workers interviewed by Reuters said 500
pounds a month would not cover their bills. A typical unskilled
factory worker earns 2,000 pounds a month, businessmen say.
"I have five children in school. I haven't worked in 16
days," Nagi said, sitting next to his tools in the Saida Aisha
district. He said he had applied for the aid but has not yet
received any money.
Before the crisis, he could earn up to 150 pounds a day, but
now he says he has to borrow to feed himself.
"The state is trying as much as possible to pass this
stage," Mohamed Saafan, the Minister for Manpower, told a local
television channel. "We will not leave anybody, either business
owners or labourers, behind."
To help irregular workers, the government has launched an
online system for them to apply for the monthly payment.
Construction and port workers as well as sailors, miners and
other workers are eligible
Saafan said 1.5 million workers had registered so far. The
World Bank has estimated Egypt's workforce numbers around 30
million.
Several workers told Reuters they had not yet figured out
how to apply or were still awaiting approvals.
"I applied ... and they told me to come pick it up in two
days. I came after two days, and they told me to come in a
week," said Khaled Ibrahim, 58, who works in a cafe that closed.
"I need to pay my rent (but) I can't," he said, waiting with
15 others at a post office.
A spokesman for the manpower ministry said after workers
registered online their application would be assessed by a
committee headed by the prime minister to see if they qualified.
While the government is finalising its own procedures,
non-governmental organisations have been screening applications
and several thousands have already been approved, he said. He
could not be reached for comment on Ibrahim's case.
MORE HARDSHIP
The impact of the pandemic is already making itself felt.
Egypt's tourism sector typically accounts for an estimated 15%
of GDP, but hotels and all tourist sites are shut, including,
for the first time in recent history, the Pyramids of Giza.
More hardship could loom as some Gulf countries, where
millions of Egyptians work, implement their own lockdowns, which
could sharply reduce remittances, analysts say.
Annual total remittances from Egyptians overseas are $25
billion, estimated to be mostly from those in the Gulf.
"Egypt faces an enormous challenge in trying to keep the
population home," said Timothy Kaldas, non-resident fellow at
the Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. "Many jobs cannot
be performed remotely and a third of the population lives below
the poverty line earning less than $2 a day."
The curfew has reduced the working hours of those who still
have jobs and civil servants cannot top up their salaries by
working as taxi drivers at night, as some normally do.
Tourism Minister Khaled al-Anani said that hotels and
operators were receiving support and March salaries would be
paid. He warned that laying workers off would be illegal.
Such a ban might be hard to enforce, as some tour guides or
souvenir peddlers have no work contracts, analysts say.
Emergency payments for regular workers sent home by their
employers should benefit 900,000 workers in the tourism sector
alone, Saafan said.
Souvenir shop owners in Cairo's historic Khan al-Khalili
market said business had never been as bad, even in the turmoil
following the ousting of late president Hosni Mubarak in 2011.
No visitors could be seen when Reuters twice visited the
market, which normally also attracts Egyptians who come to drink
tea at the now-closed Fishawy cafe.
"I have four children and I earn about 150 pounds per day.
If I stay a day or two or three at home... where am I going to
get the money?," said Amr Adel, who sells trinkets, scarves and
belly dancing suits in a one-room shop.
He said he had not applied for aid because he didn't know
how to.